Hot cross bun sign in HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

The hot cross bun sign.

Hot cross bun sign refers to the cruciform-shaped hyperintensity on T2W axial magnetic resonance images (MRI) in multisystem atrophy due to the selective loss of myelinated transverse pontocerebellar fibers and neurons in the pontine raphe and sparing of the pontine tegmentum and corticospinal tracts [Figure 1, Figure 2].[1] The name derives from a sweet spiced bun baked by the Christian church...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in non-HIV patient

Polyomavirus-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HAART era

Polyomaviruses may cause human disease, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. JCV, one of the members of polyomaviridae family, is the causative agent of the neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a progressive demyelinating disorder of the central nervous sy...

Hot cross bun sign in a case with multisystem atrophy

A 65-year-old man came to our clinic with progressive disequilibrium and gait problem since 6 years. During this period, he had also urinary incontinency. On neurologic examination, he had scanning speech and bidirectional nystagmus. There was hypokinesia in upper and lower limbs and on cerebellar tests finger to nose and heel to shin were impaired (severe dysmetria); he was unable to walk with...

"Hot cross bun" sign in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Disease The “hot cross bun” sign refers to pontine cruciform hyperintensity on long TR sequences, which can be observed in multiple-system atrophy, spinocerebellar atrophy types 2 and 3, and in parkinsonism secondary to vasculitis. It has not been previously demonstrated in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), to our knowledge. A 16-year-old girl, diagnosed with vCJD at age 14 years and de...